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src/hotspot/share/classfile/fieldLayoutBuilder.cpp

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   7  * published by the Free Software Foundation.
   8  *
   9  * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
  10  * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
  11  * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
  12  * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
  13  * accompanied this code).
  14  *
  15  * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
  16  * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
  17  * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
  18  *
  19  * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
  20  * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
  21  * questions.
  22  *
  23  */
  24 
  25 #include "classfile/classFileParser.hpp"
  26 #include "classfile/fieldLayoutBuilder.hpp"


  27 #include "jvm.h"
  28 #include "memory/resourceArea.hpp"
  29 #include "oops/array.hpp"
  30 #include "oops/fieldStreams.inline.hpp"
  31 #include "oops/instanceMirrorKlass.hpp"
  32 #include "oops/instanceKlass.inline.hpp"
  33 #include "oops/klass.inline.hpp"

  34 #include "runtime/fieldDescriptor.inline.hpp"

  35 




























































  36 
  37 LayoutRawBlock::LayoutRawBlock(Kind kind, int size) :
  38   _next_block(nullptr),
  39   _prev_block(nullptr),
  40   _kind(kind),

  41   _offset(-1),
  42   _alignment(1),
  43   _size(size),
  44   _field_index(-1),
  45   _is_reference(false) {
  46   assert(kind == EMPTY || kind == RESERVED || kind == PADDING || kind == INHERITED,
  47          "Otherwise, should use the constructor with a field index argument");
  48   assert(size > 0, "Sanity check");
  49 }
  50 
  51 
  52 LayoutRawBlock::LayoutRawBlock(int index, Kind kind, int size, int alignment, bool is_reference) :
  53  _next_block(nullptr),
  54  _prev_block(nullptr),
  55  _kind(kind),

  56  _offset(-1),
  57  _alignment(alignment),
  58  _size(size),
  59  _field_index(index),
  60  _is_reference(is_reference) {
  61   assert(kind == REGULAR || kind == FLATTENED || kind == INHERITED,
  62          "Other kind do not have a field index");
  63   assert(size > 0, "Sanity check");
  64   assert(alignment > 0, "Sanity check");
  65 }
  66 
  67 bool LayoutRawBlock::fit(int size, int alignment) {
  68   int adjustment = 0;
  69   if ((_offset % alignment) != 0) {
  70     adjustment = alignment - (_offset % alignment);
  71   }
  72   return _size >= size + adjustment;
  73 }
  74 
  75 FieldGroup::FieldGroup(int contended_group) :
  76   _next(nullptr),
  77   _primitive_fields(nullptr),

  78   _oop_fields(nullptr),
  79   _contended_group(contended_group),  // -1 means no contended group, 0 means default contended group
  80   _oop_count(0) {}
  81 
  82 void FieldGroup::add_primitive_field(int idx, BasicType type) {
  83   int size = type2aelembytes(type);
  84   LayoutRawBlock* block = new LayoutRawBlock(idx, LayoutRawBlock::REGULAR, size, size /* alignment == size for primitive types */, false);
  85   if (_primitive_fields == nullptr) {
  86     _primitive_fields = new GrowableArray<LayoutRawBlock*>(INITIAL_LIST_SIZE);


  87   }
  88   _primitive_fields->append(block);
  89 }
  90 
  91 void FieldGroup::add_oop_field(int idx) {
  92   int size = type2aelembytes(T_OBJECT);
  93   LayoutRawBlock* block = new LayoutRawBlock(idx, LayoutRawBlock::REGULAR, size, size /* alignment == size for oops */, true);
  94   if (_oop_fields == nullptr) {
  95     _oop_fields = new GrowableArray<LayoutRawBlock*>(INITIAL_LIST_SIZE);
  96   }
  97   _oop_fields->append(block);
  98   _oop_count++;
  99 }
 100 











 101 void FieldGroup::sort_by_size() {
 102   if (_primitive_fields != nullptr) {
 103     _primitive_fields->sort(LayoutRawBlock::compare_size_inverted);



 104   }
 105 }
 106 
 107 FieldLayout::FieldLayout(GrowableArray<FieldInfo>* field_info, ConstantPool* cp) :














 108   _field_info(field_info),

 109   _cp(cp),
 110   _blocks(nullptr),
 111   _start(_blocks),
 112   _last(_blocks) {}






 113 
 114 void FieldLayout::initialize_static_layout() {
 115   _blocks = new LayoutRawBlock(LayoutRawBlock::EMPTY, INT_MAX);
 116   _blocks->set_offset(0);
 117   _last = _blocks;
 118   _start = _blocks;
 119   // Note: at this stage, InstanceMirrorKlass::offset_of_static_fields() could be zero, because
 120   // during bootstrapping, the size of the java.lang.Class is still not known when layout
 121   // of static field is computed. Field offsets are fixed later when the size is known
 122   // (see java_lang_Class::fixup_mirror())
 123   if (InstanceMirrorKlass::offset_of_static_fields() > 0) {
 124     insert(first_empty_block(), new LayoutRawBlock(LayoutRawBlock::RESERVED, InstanceMirrorKlass::offset_of_static_fields()));
 125     _blocks->set_offset(0);
 126   }
 127 }
 128 
 129 void FieldLayout::initialize_instance_layout(const InstanceKlass* super_klass) {
 130   if (super_klass == nullptr) {
 131     _blocks = new LayoutRawBlock(LayoutRawBlock::EMPTY, INT_MAX);
 132     _blocks->set_offset(0);
 133     _last = _blocks;
 134     _start = _blocks;
 135     insert(first_empty_block(), new LayoutRawBlock(LayoutRawBlock::RESERVED, instanceOopDesc::base_offset_in_bytes()));
 136   } else {
 137     bool has_fields = reconstruct_layout(super_klass);
 138     fill_holes(super_klass);
 139     if (!super_klass->has_contended_annotations() || !has_fields) {
 140       _start = _blocks;  // start allocating fields from the first empty block
 141     } else {
 142       _start = _last;    // append fields at the end of the reconstructed layout
 143     }
 144   }
 145 }
 146 
 147 LayoutRawBlock* FieldLayout::first_field_block() {
 148   LayoutRawBlock* block = _start;
 149   while (block->kind() != LayoutRawBlock::INHERITED && block->kind() != LayoutRawBlock::REGULAR
 150       && block->kind() != LayoutRawBlock::FLATTENED && block->kind() != LayoutRawBlock::PADDING) {



 151     block = block->next_block();
 152   }
 153   return block;
 154 }
 155 
 156 
 157 // Insert a set of fields into a layout using a best-fit strategy.
 158 // For each field, search for the smallest empty slot able to fit the field
 159 // (satisfying both size and alignment requirements), if none is found,
 160 // add the field at the end of the layout.
 161 // Fields cannot be inserted before the block specified in the "start" argument
 162 void FieldLayout::add(GrowableArray<LayoutRawBlock*>* list, LayoutRawBlock* start) {
 163   if (list == nullptr) return;
 164   if (start == nullptr) start = this->_start;
 165   bool last_search_success = false;
 166   int last_size = 0;
 167   int last_alignment = 0;
 168   for (int i = 0; i < list->length(); i ++) {
 169     LayoutRawBlock* b = list->at(i);
 170     LayoutRawBlock* cursor = nullptr;
 171     LayoutRawBlock* candidate = nullptr;
 172 
 173     // if start is the last block, just append the field
 174     if (start == last_block()) {
 175       candidate = last_block();
 176     }
 177     // Before iterating over the layout to find an empty slot fitting the field's requirements,
 178     // check if the previous field had the same requirements and if the search for a fitting slot
 179     // was successful. If the requirements were the same but the search failed, a new search will
 180     // fail the same way, so just append the field at the of the layout.
 181     else  if (b->size() == last_size && b->alignment() == last_alignment && !last_search_success) {
 182       candidate = last_block();
 183     } else {
 184       // Iterate over the layout to find an empty slot fitting the field's requirements
 185       last_size = b->size();
 186       last_alignment = b->alignment();
 187       cursor = last_block()->prev_block();
 188       assert(cursor != nullptr, "Sanity check");
 189       last_search_success = true;

 190       while (cursor != start) {
 191         if (cursor->kind() == LayoutRawBlock::EMPTY && cursor->fit(b->size(), b->alignment())) {
 192           if (candidate == nullptr || cursor->size() < candidate->size()) {
 193             candidate = cursor;
 194           }
 195         }
 196         cursor = cursor->prev_block();
 197       }
 198       if (candidate == nullptr) {
 199         candidate = last_block();
 200         last_search_success = false;
 201       }
 202       assert(candidate != nullptr, "Candidate must not be null");
 203       assert(candidate->kind() == LayoutRawBlock::EMPTY, "Candidate must be an empty block");
 204       assert(candidate->fit(b->size(), b->alignment()), "Candidate must be able to store the block");
 205     }
 206 
 207     insert_field_block(candidate, b);
 208   }
 209 }
 210 
 211 // Used for classes with hard coded field offsets, insert a field at the specified offset */
 212 void FieldLayout::add_field_at_offset(LayoutRawBlock* block, int offset, LayoutRawBlock* start) {
 213   assert(block != nullptr, "Sanity check");
 214   block->set_offset(offset);
 215   if (start == nullptr) {
 216     start = this->_start;
 217   }
 218   LayoutRawBlock* slot = start;
 219   while (slot != nullptr) {
 220     if ((slot->offset() <= block->offset() && (slot->offset() + slot->size()) > block->offset()) ||
 221         slot == _last){
 222       assert(slot->kind() == LayoutRawBlock::EMPTY, "Matching slot must be an empty slot");
 223       assert(slot->size() >= block->offset() + block->size() ,"Matching slot must be big enough");
 224       if (slot->offset() < block->offset()) {
 225         int adjustment = block->offset() - slot->offset();
 226         LayoutRawBlock* adj = new LayoutRawBlock(LayoutRawBlock::EMPTY, adjustment);
 227         insert(slot, adj);
 228       }
 229       insert(slot, block);
 230       if (slot->size() == 0) {
 231         remove(slot);
 232       }
 233       _field_info->adr_at(block->field_index())->set_offset(block->offset());


 234       return;
 235     }
 236     slot = slot->next_block();
 237   }
 238   fatal("Should have found a matching slot above, corrupted layout or invalid offset");
 239 }
 240 
 241 // The allocation logic uses a best fit strategy: the set of fields is allocated
 242 // in the first empty slot big enough to contain the whole set ((including padding
 243 // to fit alignment constraints).
 244 void FieldLayout::add_contiguously(GrowableArray<LayoutRawBlock*>* list, LayoutRawBlock* start) {
 245   if (list == nullptr) return;
 246   if (start == nullptr) {
 247     start = _start;
 248   }
 249   // This code assumes that if the first block is well aligned, the following
 250   // blocks would naturally be well aligned (no need for adjustment)
 251   int size = 0;
 252   for (int i = 0; i < list->length(); i++) {
 253     size += list->at(i)->size();
 254   }
 255 
 256   LayoutRawBlock* candidate = nullptr;
 257   if (start == last_block()) {
 258     candidate = last_block();
 259   } else {
 260     LayoutRawBlock* first = list->at(0);
 261     candidate = last_block()->prev_block();
 262     while (candidate->kind() != LayoutRawBlock::EMPTY || !candidate->fit(size, first->alignment())) {
 263       if (candidate == start) {
 264         candidate = last_block();
 265         break;
 266       }
 267       candidate = candidate->prev_block();
 268     }
 269     assert(candidate != nullptr, "Candidate must not be null");
 270     assert(candidate->kind() == LayoutRawBlock::EMPTY, "Candidate must be an empty block");
 271     assert(candidate->fit(size, first->alignment()), "Candidate must be able to store the whole contiguous block");
 272   }
 273 
 274   for (int i = 0; i < list->length(); i++) {
 275     LayoutRawBlock* b = list->at(i);
 276     insert_field_block(candidate, b);
 277     assert((candidate->offset() % b->alignment() == 0), "Contiguous blocks must be naturally well aligned");
 278   }
 279 }
 280 
 281 LayoutRawBlock* FieldLayout::insert_field_block(LayoutRawBlock* slot, LayoutRawBlock* block) {
 282   assert(slot->kind() == LayoutRawBlock::EMPTY, "Blocks can only be inserted in empty blocks");
 283   if (slot->offset() % block->alignment() != 0) {
 284     int adjustment = block->alignment() - (slot->offset() % block->alignment());
 285     LayoutRawBlock* adj = new LayoutRawBlock(LayoutRawBlock::EMPTY, adjustment);
 286     insert(slot, adj);
 287   }

 288   insert(slot, block);
 289   if (slot->size() == 0) {
 290     remove(slot);
 291   }
 292   _field_info->adr_at(block->field_index())->set_offset(block->offset());












 293   return block;
 294 }
 295 
 296 bool FieldLayout::reconstruct_layout(const InstanceKlass* ik) {
 297   bool has_instance_fields = false;



 298   GrowableArray<LayoutRawBlock*>* all_fields = new GrowableArray<LayoutRawBlock*>(32);
 299   while (ik != nullptr) {
 300     for (AllFieldStream fs(ik->fieldinfo_stream(), ik->constants()); !fs.done(); fs.next()) {
 301       BasicType type = Signature::basic_type(fs.signature());
 302       // distinction between static and non-static fields is missing
 303       if (fs.access_flags().is_static()) continue;
 304       has_instance_fields = true;
 305       int size = type2aelembytes(type);
 306       // INHERITED blocks are marked as non-reference because oop_maps are handled by their holder class
 307       LayoutRawBlock* block = new LayoutRawBlock(fs.index(), LayoutRawBlock::INHERITED, size, size, false);
















 308       block->set_offset(fs.offset());
 309       all_fields->append(block);
 310     }
 311     ik = ik->super() == nullptr ? nullptr : InstanceKlass::cast(ik->super());
 312   }
 313 
 314   all_fields->sort(LayoutRawBlock::compare_offset);
 315   _blocks = new LayoutRawBlock(LayoutRawBlock::RESERVED, instanceOopDesc::base_offset_in_bytes());
 316   _blocks->set_offset(0);
 317   _last = _blocks;
 318 
 319   for(int i = 0; i < all_fields->length(); i++) {
 320     LayoutRawBlock* b = all_fields->at(i);
 321     _last->set_next_block(b);
 322     b->set_prev_block(_last);
 323     _last = b;
 324   }
 325   _start = _blocks;
 326   return has_instance_fields;
 327 }
 328 
 329 // Called during the reconstruction of a layout, after fields from super
 330 // classes have been inserted. It fills unused slots between inserted fields
 331 // with EMPTY blocks, so the regular field insertion methods would work.
 332 // This method handles classes with @Contended annotations differently
 333 // by inserting PADDING blocks instead of EMPTY block to prevent subclasses'
 334 // fields to interfere with contended fields/classes.
 335 void FieldLayout::fill_holes(const InstanceKlass* super_klass) {
 336   assert(_blocks != nullptr, "Sanity check");
 337   assert(_blocks->offset() == 0, "first block must be at offset zero");
 338   LayoutRawBlock::Kind filling_type = super_klass->has_contended_annotations() ? LayoutRawBlock::PADDING: LayoutRawBlock::EMPTY;
 339   LayoutRawBlock* b = _blocks;
 340   while (b->next_block() != nullptr) {
 341     if (b->next_block()->offset() > (b->offset() + b->size())) {
 342       int size = b->next_block()->offset() - (b->offset() + b->size());

 343       LayoutRawBlock* empty = new LayoutRawBlock(filling_type, size);
 344       empty->set_offset(b->offset() + b->size());
 345       empty->set_next_block(b->next_block());
 346       b->next_block()->set_prev_block(empty);
 347       b->set_next_block(empty);
 348       empty->set_prev_block(b);
 349     }
 350     b = b->next_block();
 351   }
 352   assert(b->next_block() == nullptr, "Invariant at this point");
 353   assert(b->kind() != LayoutRawBlock::EMPTY, "Sanity check");
 354 
 355   // If the super class has @Contended annotation, a padding block is
 356   // inserted at the end to ensure that fields from the subclasses won't share
 357   // the cache line of the last field of the contended class
 358   if (super_klass->has_contended_annotations() && ContendedPaddingWidth > 0) {
 359     LayoutRawBlock* p = new LayoutRawBlock(LayoutRawBlock::PADDING, ContendedPaddingWidth);
 360     p->set_offset(b->offset() + b->size());
 361     b->set_next_block(p);
 362     p->set_prev_block(b);
 363     b = p;
 364   }
 365 
 366   LayoutRawBlock* last = new LayoutRawBlock(LayoutRawBlock::EMPTY, INT_MAX);
 367   last->set_offset(b->offset() + b->size());
 368   assert(last->offset() > 0, "Sanity check");
 369   b->set_next_block(last);
 370   last->set_prev_block(b);
 371   _last = last;
 372 }
 373 
 374 LayoutRawBlock* FieldLayout::insert(LayoutRawBlock* slot, LayoutRawBlock* block) {
 375   assert(slot->kind() == LayoutRawBlock::EMPTY, "Blocks can only be inserted in empty blocks");
 376   assert(slot->offset() % block->alignment() == 0, "Incompatible alignment");
 377   block->set_offset(slot->offset());
 378   slot->set_offset(slot->offset() + block->size());
 379   assert((slot->size() - block->size()) < slot->size(), "underflow checking");
 380   assert(slot->size() - block->size() >= 0, "no negative size allowed");
 381   slot->set_size(slot->size() - block->size());
 382   block->set_prev_block(slot->prev_block());
 383   block->set_next_block(slot);
 384   slot->set_prev_block(block);
 385   if (block->prev_block() != nullptr) {
 386     block->prev_block()->set_next_block(block);
 387   }
 388   if (_blocks == slot) {
 389     _blocks = block;
 390   }



 391   return block;
 392 }
 393 
 394 void FieldLayout::remove(LayoutRawBlock* block) {
 395   assert(block != nullptr, "Sanity check");
 396   assert(block != _last, "Sanity check");
 397   if (_blocks == block) {
 398     _blocks = block->next_block();
 399     if (_blocks != nullptr) {
 400       _blocks->set_prev_block(nullptr);
 401     }
 402   } else {
 403     assert(block->prev_block() != nullptr, "_prev should be set for non-head blocks");
 404     block->prev_block()->set_next_block(block->next_block());
 405     block->next_block()->set_prev_block(block->prev_block());
 406   }
 407   if (block == _start) {
 408     _start = block->prev_block();
 409   }
 410 }
 411 
 412 void FieldLayout::print(outputStream* output, bool is_static, const InstanceKlass* super) {












































































 413   ResourceMark rm;
 414   LayoutRawBlock* b = _blocks;
 415   while(b != _last) {
 416     switch(b->kind()) {
 417       case LayoutRawBlock::REGULAR: {
 418         FieldInfo* fi = _field_info->adr_at(b->field_index());
 419         output->print_cr(" @%d \"%s\" %s %d/%d %s",
 420                          b->offset(),
 421                          fi->name(_cp)->as_C_string(),
 422                          fi->signature(_cp)->as_C_string(),
 423                          b->size(),
 424                          b->alignment(),
 425                          "REGULAR");

 426         break;
 427       }
 428       case LayoutRawBlock::FLATTENED: {
 429         FieldInfo* fi = _field_info->adr_at(b->field_index());
 430         output->print_cr(" @%d \"%s\" %s %d/%d %s",


 431                          b->offset(),
 432                          fi->name(_cp)->as_C_string(),
 433                          fi->signature(_cp)->as_C_string(),
 434                          b->size(),
 435                          b->alignment(),
 436                          "FLATTENED");



 437         break;
 438       }
 439       case LayoutRawBlock::RESERVED: {
 440         output->print_cr(" @%d %d/- %s",
 441                          b->offset(),
 442                          b->size(),
 443                          "RESERVED");
 444         break;
 445       }
 446       case LayoutRawBlock::INHERITED: {
 447         assert(!is_static, "Static fields are not inherited in layouts");
 448         assert(super != nullptr, "super klass must be provided to retrieve inherited fields info");
 449         bool found = false;
 450         const InstanceKlass* ik = super;
 451         while (!found && ik != nullptr) {
 452           for (AllFieldStream fs(ik->fieldinfo_stream(), ik->constants()); !fs.done(); fs.next()) {
 453             if (fs.offset() == b->offset()) {
 454               output->print_cr(" @%d \"%s\" %s %d/%d %s",
 455                   b->offset(),
 456                   fs.name()->as_C_string(),
 457                   fs.signature()->as_C_string(),
 458                   b->size(),
 459                   b->size(), // so far, alignment constraint == size, will change with Valhalla
 460                   "INHERITED");

 461               found = true;
 462               break;
 463             }
 464           }
 465           ik = ik->java_super();
 466         }
 467         break;
 468       }
 469       case LayoutRawBlock::EMPTY:
 470         output->print_cr(" @%d %d/1 %s",
 471                          b->offset(),
 472                          b->size(),
 473                         "EMPTY");
 474         break;
 475       case LayoutRawBlock::PADDING:
 476         output->print_cr(" @%d %d/1 %s",
 477                          b->offset(),
 478                          b->size(),
 479                         "PADDING");
 480         break;












 481     }
 482     b = b->next_block();
 483   }
 484 }
 485 
 486 FieldLayoutBuilder::FieldLayoutBuilder(const Symbol* classname, const InstanceKlass* super_klass, ConstantPool* constant_pool,
 487       GrowableArray<FieldInfo>* field_info, bool is_contended, FieldLayoutInfo* info) :

 488   _classname(classname),

 489   _super_klass(super_klass),
 490   _constant_pool(constant_pool),
 491   _field_info(field_info),
 492   _info(info),

 493   _root_group(nullptr),
 494   _contended_groups(GrowableArray<FieldGroup*>(8)),
 495   _static_fields(nullptr),
 496   _layout(nullptr),
 497   _static_layout(nullptr),
 498   _nonstatic_oopmap_count(0),
 499   _alignment(-1),












 500   _has_nonstatic_fields(false),
 501   _is_contended(is_contended) {}
 502 




 503 
 504 FieldGroup* FieldLayoutBuilder::get_or_create_contended_group(int g) {
 505   assert(g > 0, "must only be called for named contended groups");
 506   FieldGroup* fg = nullptr;
 507   for (int i = 0; i < _contended_groups.length(); i++) {
 508     fg = _contended_groups.at(i);
 509     if (fg->contended_group() == g) return fg;
 510   }
 511   fg = new FieldGroup(g);
 512   _contended_groups.append(fg);
 513   return fg;
 514 }
 515 
 516 void FieldLayoutBuilder::prologue() {
 517   _layout = new FieldLayout(_field_info, _constant_pool);
 518   const InstanceKlass* super_klass = _super_klass;
 519   _layout->initialize_instance_layout(super_klass);

 520   if (super_klass != nullptr) {
 521     _has_nonstatic_fields = super_klass->has_nonstatic_fields();
 522   }
 523   _static_layout = new FieldLayout(_field_info, _constant_pool);
 524   _static_layout->initialize_static_layout();
 525   _static_fields = new FieldGroup();
 526   _root_group = new FieldGroup();
 527 }
 528 
 529 // Field sorting for regular classes:
 530 //   - fields are sorted in static and non-static fields
 531 //   - non-static fields are also sorted according to their contention group
 532 //     (support of the @Contended annotation)
 533 //   - @Contended annotation is ignored for static fields

 534 void FieldLayoutBuilder::regular_field_sorting() {
 535   int idx = 0;
 536   for (GrowableArrayIterator<FieldInfo> it = _field_info->begin(); it != _field_info->end(); ++it, ++idx) {
 537     FieldInfo ctrl = _field_info->at(0);
 538     FieldGroup* group = nullptr;
 539     FieldInfo fieldinfo = *it;
 540     if (fieldinfo.access_flags().is_static()) {
 541       group = _static_fields;
 542     } else {
 543       _has_nonstatic_fields = true;
 544       if (fieldinfo.field_flags().is_contended()) {
 545         int g = fieldinfo.contended_group();
 546         if (g == 0) {
 547           group = new FieldGroup(true);
 548           _contended_groups.append(group);
 549         } else {
 550           group = get_or_create_contended_group(g);
 551         }
 552       } else {
 553         group = _root_group;
 554       }
 555     }
 556     assert(group != nullptr, "invariant");
 557     BasicType type = Signature::basic_type(fieldinfo.signature(_constant_pool));
 558     switch(type) {
 559       case T_BYTE:
 560       case T_CHAR:
 561       case T_DOUBLE:
 562       case T_FLOAT:
 563       case T_INT:
 564       case T_LONG:
 565       case T_SHORT:
 566       case T_BOOLEAN:
 567         group->add_primitive_field(idx, type);
 568         break;
 569       case T_OBJECT:
 570       case T_ARRAY:










 571         if (group != _static_fields) _nonstatic_oopmap_count++;
 572         group->add_oop_field(idx);
 573         break;
 574       default:
 575         fatal("Something wrong?");













 576     }
 577   }
 578   _root_group->sort_by_size();
 579   _static_fields->sort_by_size();
 580   if (!_contended_groups.is_empty()) {
 581     for (int i = 0; i < _contended_groups.length(); i++) {
 582       _contended_groups.at(i)->sort_by_size();
 583     }
 584   }
 585 }
 586 




















































































 587 void FieldLayoutBuilder::insert_contended_padding(LayoutRawBlock* slot) {
 588   if (ContendedPaddingWidth > 0) {
 589     LayoutRawBlock* padding = new LayoutRawBlock(LayoutRawBlock::PADDING, ContendedPaddingWidth);
 590     _layout->insert(slot, padding);
 591   }
 592 }
 593 
 594 // Computation of regular classes layout is an evolution of the previous default layout
 595 // (FieldAllocationStyle 1):
 596 //   - primitive fields are allocated first (from the biggest to the smallest)
 597 //   - then oop fields are allocated, either in existing gaps or at the end of
 598 //     the layout


 599 void FieldLayoutBuilder::compute_regular_layout() {
 600   bool need_tail_padding = false;
 601   prologue();
 602   regular_field_sorting();
 603 
 604   if (_is_contended) {
 605     _layout->set_start(_layout->last_block());
 606     // insertion is currently easy because the current strategy doesn't try to fill holes
 607     // in super classes layouts => the _start block is by consequence the _last_block
 608     insert_contended_padding(_layout->start());
 609     need_tail_padding = true;
 610   }
 611   _layout->add(_root_group->primitive_fields());

 612   _layout->add(_root_group->oop_fields());
 613 
 614   if (!_contended_groups.is_empty()) {
 615     for (int i = 0; i < _contended_groups.length(); i++) {
 616       FieldGroup* cg = _contended_groups.at(i);
 617       LayoutRawBlock* start = _layout->last_block();
 618       insert_contended_padding(start);
 619       _layout->add(cg->primitive_fields(), start);

 620       _layout->add(cg->oop_fields(), start);
 621       need_tail_padding = true;
 622     }
 623   }
 624 
 625   if (need_tail_padding) {
 626     insert_contended_padding(_layout->last_block());
 627   }
 628 
 629   _static_layout->add_contiguously(this->_static_fields->oop_fields());
 630   _static_layout->add(this->_static_fields->primitive_fields());


 631 
 632   epilogue();
 633 }
 634 
 635 void FieldLayoutBuilder::epilogue() {
 636   // Computing oopmaps
 637   int super_oop_map_count = (_super_klass == nullptr) ? 0 :_super_klass->nonstatic_oop_map_count();
 638   int max_oop_map_count = super_oop_map_count + _nonstatic_oopmap_count;









 639 
 640   OopMapBlocksBuilder* nonstatic_oop_maps =
 641       new OopMapBlocksBuilder(max_oop_map_count);
 642   if (super_oop_map_count > 0) {
 643     nonstatic_oop_maps->initialize_inherited_blocks(_super_klass->start_of_nonstatic_oop_maps(),
 644     _super_klass->nonstatic_oop_map_count());
































 645   }
 646 
 647   if (_root_group->oop_fields() != nullptr) {
 648     for (int i = 0; i < _root_group->oop_fields()->length(); i++) {
 649       LayoutRawBlock* b = _root_group->oop_fields()->at(i);














































































































































































































 650       nonstatic_oop_maps->add(b->offset(), 1);
 651     }
 652   }



 653 










 654   if (!_contended_groups.is_empty()) {
 655     for (int i = 0; i < _contended_groups.length(); i++) {
 656       FieldGroup* cg = _contended_groups.at(i);
 657       if (cg->oop_count() > 0) {
 658         assert(cg->oop_fields() != nullptr && cg->oop_fields()->at(0) != nullptr, "oop_count > 0 but no oop fields found");
 659         nonstatic_oop_maps->add(cg->oop_fields()->at(0)->offset(), cg->oop_count());
 660       }
 661     }
 662   }
 663 
 664   nonstatic_oop_maps->compact();
 665 
 666   int instance_end = align_up(_layout->last_block()->offset(), wordSize);
 667   int static_fields_end = align_up(_static_layout->last_block()->offset(), wordSize);
 668   int static_fields_size = (static_fields_end -
 669       InstanceMirrorKlass::offset_of_static_fields()) / wordSize;
 670   int nonstatic_field_end = align_up(_layout->last_block()->offset(), heapOopSize);
 671 
 672   // Pass back information needed for InstanceKlass creation
 673 
 674   _info->oop_map_blocks = nonstatic_oop_maps;
 675   _info->_instance_size = align_object_size(instance_end / wordSize);
 676   _info->_static_field_size = static_fields_size;
 677   _info->_nonstatic_field_size = (nonstatic_field_end - instanceOopDesc::base_offset_in_bytes()) / heapOopSize;
 678   _info->_has_nonstatic_fields = _has_nonstatic_fields;













































 679 
 680   if (PrintFieldLayout) {



 681     ResourceMark rm;
 682     tty->print_cr("Layout of class %s", _classname->as_C_string());
 683     tty->print_cr("Instance fields:");
 684     _layout->print(tty, false, _super_klass);
 685     tty->print_cr("Static fields:");
 686     _static_layout->print(tty, true, nullptr);
 687     tty->print_cr("Instance size = %d bytes", _info->_instance_size * wordSize);
 688     tty->print_cr("---");



































 689   }
 690 }
 691 
 692 void FieldLayoutBuilder::build_layout() {
 693   compute_regular_layout();




 694 }

   7  * published by the Free Software Foundation.
   8  *
   9  * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
  10  * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
  11  * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
  12  * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
  13  * accompanied this code).
  14  *
  15  * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
  16  * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
  17  * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
  18  *
  19  * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
  20  * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
  21  * questions.
  22  *
  23  */
  24 
  25 #include "classfile/classFileParser.hpp"
  26 #include "classfile/fieldLayoutBuilder.hpp"
  27 #include "classfile/systemDictionary.hpp"
  28 #include "classfile/vmSymbols.hpp"
  29 #include "jvm.h"
  30 #include "memory/resourceArea.hpp"
  31 #include "oops/array.hpp"
  32 #include "oops/fieldStreams.inline.hpp"
  33 #include "oops/instanceMirrorKlass.hpp"
  34 #include "oops/instanceKlass.inline.hpp"
  35 #include "oops/klass.inline.hpp"
  36 #include "oops/inlineKlass.inline.hpp"
  37 #include "runtime/fieldDescriptor.inline.hpp"
  38 #include "utilities/powerOfTwo.hpp"
  39 
  40 static LayoutKind field_layout_selection(FieldInfo field_info, Array<InlineLayoutInfo>* inline_layout_info_array,
  41                                          bool use_atomic_flat) {
  42 
  43   if (!UseFieldFlattening) {
  44     return LayoutKind::REFERENCE;
  45   }
  46 
  47   if (field_info.field_flags().is_injected()) {
  48     // don't flatten injected fields
  49     return LayoutKind::REFERENCE;
  50   }
  51 
  52   if (field_info.access_flags().is_volatile()) {
  53     // volatile is used as a keyword to prevent flattening
  54     return LayoutKind::REFERENCE;
  55   }
  56 
  57   if (inline_layout_info_array == nullptr || inline_layout_info_array->adr_at(field_info.index())->klass() == nullptr) {
  58     // field's type is not a known value class, using a reference
  59     return LayoutKind::REFERENCE;
  60   }
  61 
  62   InlineLayoutInfo* inline_field_info = inline_layout_info_array->adr_at(field_info.index());
  63   InlineKlass* vk = inline_field_info->klass();
  64 
  65   if (field_info.field_flags().is_null_free_inline_type()) {
  66     assert(field_info.access_flags().is_strict(), "null-free fields must be strict");
  67     if (vk->must_be_atomic() || AlwaysAtomicAccesses) {
  68       if (vk->is_naturally_atomic() && vk->has_non_atomic_layout()) return LayoutKind::NON_ATOMIC_FLAT;
  69       return (vk->has_atomic_layout() && use_atomic_flat) ? LayoutKind::ATOMIC_FLAT : LayoutKind::REFERENCE;
  70     } else {
  71       return vk->has_non_atomic_layout() ? LayoutKind::NON_ATOMIC_FLAT : LayoutKind::REFERENCE;
  72     }
  73   } else {
  74     if (UseNullableValueFlattening && vk->has_nullable_atomic_layout()) {
  75       return use_atomic_flat ? LayoutKind::NULLABLE_ATOMIC_FLAT : LayoutKind::REFERENCE;
  76     } else {
  77       return LayoutKind::REFERENCE;
  78     }
  79   }
  80 }
  81 
  82 static void get_size_and_alignment(InlineKlass* vk, LayoutKind kind, int* size, int* alignment) {
  83   switch(kind) {
  84     case LayoutKind::NON_ATOMIC_FLAT:
  85       *size = vk->non_atomic_size_in_bytes();
  86       *alignment = vk->non_atomic_alignment();
  87       break;
  88     case LayoutKind::ATOMIC_FLAT:
  89       *size = vk->atomic_size_in_bytes();
  90       *alignment = *size;
  91       break;
  92     case LayoutKind::NULLABLE_ATOMIC_FLAT:
  93       *size = vk->nullable_atomic_size_in_bytes();
  94       *alignment = *size;
  95     break;
  96     default:
  97       ShouldNotReachHere();
  98   }
  99 }
 100 
 101 LayoutRawBlock::LayoutRawBlock(Kind kind, int size) :
 102   _next_block(nullptr),
 103   _prev_block(nullptr),
 104   _inline_klass(nullptr),
 105   _block_kind(kind),
 106   _offset(-1),
 107   _alignment(1),
 108   _size(size),
 109   _field_index(-1) {
 110   assert(kind == EMPTY || kind == RESERVED || kind == PADDING || kind == INHERITED || kind == NULL_MARKER,

 111          "Otherwise, should use the constructor with a field index argument");
 112   assert(size > 0, "Sanity check");
 113 }
 114 
 115 
 116 LayoutRawBlock::LayoutRawBlock(int index, Kind kind, int size, int alignment) :
 117  _next_block(nullptr),
 118  _prev_block(nullptr),
 119  _inline_klass(nullptr),
 120  _block_kind(kind),
 121  _offset(-1),
 122  _alignment(alignment),
 123  _size(size),
 124  _field_index(index) {
 125   assert(kind == REGULAR || kind == FLAT || kind == INHERITED,

 126          "Other kind do not have a field index");
 127   assert(size > 0, "Sanity check");
 128   assert(alignment > 0, "Sanity check");
 129 }
 130 
 131 bool LayoutRawBlock::fit(int size, int alignment) {
 132   int adjustment = 0;
 133   if ((_offset % alignment) != 0) {
 134     adjustment = alignment - (_offset % alignment);
 135   }
 136   return _size >= size + adjustment;
 137 }
 138 
 139 FieldGroup::FieldGroup(int contended_group) :
 140   _next(nullptr),
 141   _small_primitive_fields(nullptr),
 142   _big_primitive_fields(nullptr),
 143   _oop_fields(nullptr),
 144   _contended_group(contended_group),  // -1 means no contended group, 0 means default contended group
 145   _oop_count(0) {}
 146 
 147 void FieldGroup::add_primitive_field(int idx, BasicType type) {
 148   int size = type2aelembytes(type);
 149   LayoutRawBlock* block = new LayoutRawBlock(idx, LayoutRawBlock::REGULAR, size, size /* alignment == size for primitive types */);
 150   if (size >= oopSize) {
 151     add_to_big_primitive_list(block);
 152   } else {
 153     add_to_small_primitive_list(block);
 154   }

 155 }
 156 
 157 void FieldGroup::add_oop_field(int idx) {
 158   int size = type2aelembytes(T_OBJECT);
 159   LayoutRawBlock* block = new LayoutRawBlock(idx, LayoutRawBlock::REGULAR, size, size /* alignment == size for oops */);
 160   if (_oop_fields == nullptr) {
 161     _oop_fields = new GrowableArray<LayoutRawBlock*>(INITIAL_LIST_SIZE);
 162   }
 163   _oop_fields->append(block);
 164   _oop_count++;
 165 }
 166 
 167 void FieldGroup::add_flat_field(int idx, InlineKlass* vk, LayoutKind lk, int size, int alignment) {
 168   LayoutRawBlock* block = new LayoutRawBlock(idx, LayoutRawBlock::FLAT, size, alignment);
 169   block->set_inline_klass(vk);
 170   block->set_layout_kind(lk);
 171   if (block->size() >= oopSize) {
 172     add_to_big_primitive_list(block);
 173   } else {
 174     add_to_small_primitive_list(block);
 175   }
 176 }
 177 
 178 void FieldGroup::sort_by_size() {
 179   if (_small_primitive_fields != nullptr) {
 180     _small_primitive_fields->sort(LayoutRawBlock::compare_size_inverted);
 181   }
 182   if (_big_primitive_fields != nullptr) {
 183     _big_primitive_fields->sort(LayoutRawBlock::compare_size_inverted);
 184   }
 185 }
 186 
 187 void FieldGroup::add_to_small_primitive_list(LayoutRawBlock* block) {
 188   if (_small_primitive_fields == nullptr) {
 189     _small_primitive_fields = new GrowableArray<LayoutRawBlock*>(INITIAL_LIST_SIZE);
 190   }
 191   _small_primitive_fields->append(block);
 192 }
 193 
 194 void FieldGroup::add_to_big_primitive_list(LayoutRawBlock* block) {
 195   if (_big_primitive_fields == nullptr) {
 196     _big_primitive_fields = new GrowableArray<LayoutRawBlock*>(INITIAL_LIST_SIZE);
 197   }
 198   _big_primitive_fields->append(block);
 199 }
 200 
 201 FieldLayout::FieldLayout(GrowableArray<FieldInfo>* field_info, Array<InlineLayoutInfo>* inline_layout_info_array, ConstantPool* cp) :
 202   _field_info(field_info),
 203   _inline_layout_info_array(inline_layout_info_array),
 204   _cp(cp),
 205   _blocks(nullptr),
 206   _start(_blocks),
 207   _last(_blocks),
 208   _super_first_field_offset(-1),
 209   _super_alignment(-1),
 210   _super_min_align_required(-1),
 211   _null_reset_value_offset(-1),
 212   _super_has_fields(false),
 213   _has_inherited_fields(false) {}
 214 
 215 void FieldLayout::initialize_static_layout() {
 216   _blocks = new LayoutRawBlock(LayoutRawBlock::EMPTY, INT_MAX);
 217   _blocks->set_offset(0);
 218   _last = _blocks;
 219   _start = _blocks;
 220   // Note: at this stage, InstanceMirrorKlass::offset_of_static_fields() could be zero, because
 221   // during bootstrapping, the size of the java.lang.Class is still not known when layout
 222   // of static field is computed. Field offsets are fixed later when the size is known
 223   // (see java_lang_Class::fixup_mirror())
 224   if (InstanceMirrorKlass::offset_of_static_fields() > 0) {
 225     insert(first_empty_block(), new LayoutRawBlock(LayoutRawBlock::RESERVED, InstanceMirrorKlass::offset_of_static_fields()));
 226     _blocks->set_offset(0);
 227   }
 228 }
 229 
 230 void FieldLayout::initialize_instance_layout(const InstanceKlass* super_klass) {
 231   if (super_klass == nullptr) {
 232     _blocks = new LayoutRawBlock(LayoutRawBlock::EMPTY, INT_MAX);
 233     _blocks->set_offset(0);
 234     _last = _blocks;
 235     _start = _blocks;
 236     insert(first_empty_block(), new LayoutRawBlock(LayoutRawBlock::RESERVED, instanceOopDesc::base_offset_in_bytes()));
 237   } else {
 238     _super_has_fields = reconstruct_layout(super_klass);
 239     fill_holes(super_klass);
 240     if ((!super_klass->has_contended_annotations()) || !_super_has_fields) {
 241       _start = _blocks;  // start allocating fields from the first empty block
 242     } else {
 243       _start = _last;    // append fields at the end of the reconstructed layout
 244     }
 245   }
 246 }
 247 
 248 LayoutRawBlock* FieldLayout::first_field_block() {
 249   LayoutRawBlock* block = _blocks;
 250   while (block != nullptr
 251          && block->block_kind() != LayoutRawBlock::INHERITED
 252          && block->block_kind() != LayoutRawBlock::REGULAR
 253          && block->block_kind() != LayoutRawBlock::FLAT
 254          && block->block_kind() != LayoutRawBlock::NULL_MARKER) {
 255     block = block->next_block();
 256   }
 257   return block;
 258 }
 259 
 260 // Insert a set of fields into a layout.
 261 // For each field, search for an empty slot able to fit the field

 262 // (satisfying both size and alignment requirements), if none is found,
 263 // add the field at the end of the layout.
 264 // Fields cannot be inserted before the block specified in the "start" argument
 265 void FieldLayout::add(GrowableArray<LayoutRawBlock*>* list, LayoutRawBlock* start) {
 266   if (list == nullptr) return;
 267   if (start == nullptr) start = this->_start;
 268   bool last_search_success = false;
 269   int last_size = 0;
 270   int last_alignment = 0;
 271   for (int i = 0; i < list->length(); i ++) {
 272     LayoutRawBlock* b = list->at(i);
 273     LayoutRawBlock* cursor = nullptr;
 274     LayoutRawBlock* candidate = nullptr;

 275     // if start is the last block, just append the field
 276     if (start == last_block()) {
 277       candidate = last_block();
 278     }
 279     // Before iterating over the layout to find an empty slot fitting the field's requirements,
 280     // check if the previous field had the same requirements and if the search for a fitting slot
 281     // was successful. If the requirements were the same but the search failed, a new search will
 282     // fail the same way, so just append the field at the of the layout.
 283     else  if (b->size() == last_size && b->alignment() == last_alignment && !last_search_success) {
 284       candidate = last_block();
 285     } else {
 286       // Iterate over the layout to find an empty slot fitting the field's requirements
 287       last_size = b->size();
 288       last_alignment = b->alignment();
 289       cursor = last_block()->prev_block();
 290       assert(cursor != nullptr, "Sanity check");
 291       last_search_success = true;
 292 
 293       while (cursor != start) {
 294         if (cursor->block_kind() == LayoutRawBlock::EMPTY && cursor->fit(b->size(), b->alignment())) {
 295           if (candidate == nullptr || cursor->size() < candidate->size()) {
 296             candidate = cursor;
 297           }
 298         }
 299         cursor = cursor->prev_block();
 300       }
 301       if (candidate == nullptr) {
 302         candidate = last_block();
 303         last_search_success = false;
 304       }
 305       assert(candidate != nullptr, "Candidate must not be null");
 306       assert(candidate->block_kind() == LayoutRawBlock::EMPTY, "Candidate must be an empty block");
 307       assert(candidate->fit(b->size(), b->alignment()), "Candidate must be able to store the block");
 308     }

 309     insert_field_block(candidate, b);
 310   }
 311 }
 312 
 313 // Used for classes with hard coded field offsets, insert a field at the specified offset */
 314 void FieldLayout::add_field_at_offset(LayoutRawBlock* block, int offset, LayoutRawBlock* start) {
 315   assert(block != nullptr, "Sanity check");
 316   block->set_offset(offset);
 317   if (start == nullptr) {
 318     start = this->_start;
 319   }
 320   LayoutRawBlock* slot = start;
 321   while (slot != nullptr) {
 322     if ((slot->offset() <= block->offset() && (slot->offset() + slot->size()) > block->offset()) ||
 323         slot == _last){
 324       assert(slot->block_kind() == LayoutRawBlock::EMPTY, "Matching slot must be an empty slot");
 325       assert(slot->size() >= block->offset() - slot->offset() + block->size() ,"Matching slot must be big enough");
 326       if (slot->offset() < block->offset()) {
 327         int adjustment = block->offset() - slot->offset();
 328         LayoutRawBlock* adj = new LayoutRawBlock(LayoutRawBlock::EMPTY, adjustment);
 329         insert(slot, adj);
 330       }
 331       insert(slot, block);
 332       if (slot->size() == 0) {
 333         remove(slot);
 334       }
 335       if (block->block_kind() == LayoutRawBlock::REGULAR || block->block_kind() == LayoutRawBlock::FLAT) {
 336         _field_info->adr_at(block->field_index())->set_offset(block->offset());
 337       }
 338       return;
 339     }
 340     slot = slot->next_block();
 341   }
 342   fatal("Should have found a matching slot above, corrupted layout or invalid offset");
 343 }
 344 
 345 // The allocation logic uses a best fit strategy: the set of fields is allocated
 346 // in the first empty slot big enough to contain the whole set ((including padding
 347 // to fit alignment constraints).
 348 void FieldLayout::add_contiguously(GrowableArray<LayoutRawBlock*>* list, LayoutRawBlock* start) {
 349   if (list == nullptr) return;
 350   if (start == nullptr) {
 351     start = _start;
 352   }
 353   // This code assumes that if the first block is well aligned, the following
 354   // blocks would naturally be well aligned (no need for adjustment)
 355   int size = 0;
 356   for (int i = 0; i < list->length(); i++) {
 357     size += list->at(i)->size();
 358   }
 359 
 360   LayoutRawBlock* candidate = nullptr;
 361   if (start == last_block()) {
 362     candidate = last_block();
 363   } else {
 364     LayoutRawBlock* first = list->at(0);
 365     candidate = last_block()->prev_block();
 366     while (candidate->block_kind() != LayoutRawBlock::EMPTY || !candidate->fit(size, first->alignment())) {
 367       if (candidate == start) {
 368         candidate = last_block();
 369         break;
 370       }
 371       candidate = candidate->prev_block();
 372     }
 373     assert(candidate != nullptr, "Candidate must not be null");
 374     assert(candidate->block_kind() == LayoutRawBlock::EMPTY, "Candidate must be an empty block");
 375     assert(candidate->fit(size, first->alignment()), "Candidate must be able to store the whole contiguous block");
 376   }
 377 
 378   for (int i = 0; i < list->length(); i++) {
 379     LayoutRawBlock* b = list->at(i);
 380     insert_field_block(candidate, b);
 381     assert((candidate->offset() % b->alignment() == 0), "Contiguous blocks must be naturally well aligned");
 382   }
 383 }
 384 
 385 LayoutRawBlock* FieldLayout::insert_field_block(LayoutRawBlock* slot, LayoutRawBlock* block) {
 386   assert(slot->block_kind() == LayoutRawBlock::EMPTY, "Blocks can only be inserted in empty blocks");
 387   if (slot->offset() % block->alignment() != 0) {
 388     int adjustment = block->alignment() - (slot->offset() % block->alignment());
 389     LayoutRawBlock* adj = new LayoutRawBlock(LayoutRawBlock::EMPTY, adjustment);
 390     insert(slot, adj);
 391   }
 392   assert(block->size() >= block->size(), "Enough space must remain after adjustment");
 393   insert(slot, block);
 394   if (slot->size() == 0) {
 395     remove(slot);
 396   }
 397   // NULL_MARKER blocks are not real fields, so they don't have an entry in the FieldInfo array
 398   if (block->block_kind() != LayoutRawBlock::NULL_MARKER) {
 399     _field_info->adr_at(block->field_index())->set_offset(block->offset());
 400     if (_field_info->adr_at(block->field_index())->name(_cp) == vmSymbols::null_reset_value_name()) {
 401       _null_reset_value_offset = block->offset();
 402     }
 403   }
 404   if (block->block_kind() == LayoutRawBlock::FLAT && block->layout_kind() == LayoutKind::NULLABLE_ATOMIC_FLAT) {
 405     int nm_offset = block->inline_klass()->null_marker_offset() - block->inline_klass()->payload_offset() + block->offset();
 406     _field_info->adr_at(block->field_index())->set_null_marker_offset(nm_offset);
 407     _inline_layout_info_array->adr_at(block->field_index())->set_null_marker_offset(nm_offset);
 408   }
 409 
 410   return block;
 411 }
 412 
 413 bool FieldLayout::reconstruct_layout(const InstanceKlass* ik) {
 414   bool has_instance_fields = false;
 415   if (ik->is_abstract() && !ik->is_identity_class()) {
 416     _super_alignment = type2aelembytes(BasicType::T_LONG);
 417   }
 418   GrowableArray<LayoutRawBlock*>* all_fields = new GrowableArray<LayoutRawBlock*>(32);
 419   while (ik != nullptr) {
 420     for (AllFieldStream fs(ik->fieldinfo_stream(), ik->constants()); !fs.done(); fs.next()) {
 421       BasicType type = Signature::basic_type(fs.signature());
 422       // distinction between static and non-static fields is missing
 423       if (fs.access_flags().is_static()) continue;
 424       has_instance_fields = true;
 425       _has_inherited_fields = true;
 426       if (_super_first_field_offset == -1 || fs.offset() < _super_first_field_offset) _super_first_field_offset = fs.offset();
 427       LayoutRawBlock* block;
 428       if (fs.is_flat()) {
 429         InlineLayoutInfo layout_info = ik->inline_layout_info(fs.index());
 430         InlineKlass* vk = layout_info.klass();
 431         block = new LayoutRawBlock(fs.index(), LayoutRawBlock::INHERITED,
 432                                    vk->layout_size_in_bytes(layout_info.kind()),
 433                                    vk->layout_alignment(layout_info.kind()));
 434         assert(_super_alignment == -1 || _super_alignment >=  vk->payload_alignment(), "Invalid value alignment");
 435         _super_min_align_required = _super_min_align_required > vk->payload_alignment() ? _super_min_align_required : vk->payload_alignment();
 436       } else {
 437         int size = type2aelembytes(type);
 438         // INHERITED blocks are marked as non-reference because oop_maps are handled by their holder class
 439         block = new LayoutRawBlock(fs.index(), LayoutRawBlock::INHERITED, size, size);
 440         // For primitive types, the alignment is equal to the size
 441         assert(_super_alignment == -1 || _super_alignment >=  size, "Invalid value alignment");
 442         _super_min_align_required = _super_min_align_required > size ? _super_min_align_required : size;
 443       }
 444       block->set_offset(fs.offset());
 445       all_fields->append(block);
 446     }
 447     ik = ik->super() == nullptr ? nullptr : InstanceKlass::cast(ik->super());
 448   }

 449   all_fields->sort(LayoutRawBlock::compare_offset);
 450   _blocks = new LayoutRawBlock(LayoutRawBlock::RESERVED, instanceOopDesc::base_offset_in_bytes());
 451   _blocks->set_offset(0);
 452   _last = _blocks;

 453   for(int i = 0; i < all_fields->length(); i++) {
 454     LayoutRawBlock* b = all_fields->at(i);
 455     _last->set_next_block(b);
 456     b->set_prev_block(_last);
 457     _last = b;
 458   }
 459   _start = _blocks;
 460   return has_instance_fields;
 461 }
 462 
 463 // Called during the reconstruction of a layout, after fields from super
 464 // classes have been inserted. It fills unused slots between inserted fields
 465 // with EMPTY blocks, so the regular field insertion methods would work.
 466 // This method handles classes with @Contended annotations differently
 467 // by inserting PADDING blocks instead of EMPTY block to prevent subclasses'
 468 // fields to interfere with contended fields/classes.
 469 void FieldLayout::fill_holes(const InstanceKlass* super_klass) {
 470   assert(_blocks != nullptr, "Sanity check");
 471   assert(_blocks->offset() == 0, "first block must be at offset zero");
 472   LayoutRawBlock::Kind filling_type = super_klass->has_contended_annotations() ? LayoutRawBlock::PADDING: LayoutRawBlock::EMPTY;
 473   LayoutRawBlock* b = _blocks;
 474   while (b->next_block() != nullptr) {
 475     if (b->next_block()->offset() > (b->offset() + b->size())) {
 476       int size = b->next_block()->offset() - (b->offset() + b->size());
 477       // FIXME it would be better if initial empty block where tagged as PADDING for value classes
 478       LayoutRawBlock* empty = new LayoutRawBlock(filling_type, size);
 479       empty->set_offset(b->offset() + b->size());
 480       empty->set_next_block(b->next_block());
 481       b->next_block()->set_prev_block(empty);
 482       b->set_next_block(empty);
 483       empty->set_prev_block(b);
 484     }
 485     b = b->next_block();
 486   }
 487   assert(b->next_block() == nullptr, "Invariant at this point");
 488   assert(b->block_kind() != LayoutRawBlock::EMPTY, "Sanity check");

 489   // If the super class has @Contended annotation, a padding block is
 490   // inserted at the end to ensure that fields from the subclasses won't share
 491   // the cache line of the last field of the contended class
 492   if (super_klass->has_contended_annotations() && ContendedPaddingWidth > 0) {
 493     LayoutRawBlock* p = new LayoutRawBlock(LayoutRawBlock::PADDING, ContendedPaddingWidth);
 494     p->set_offset(b->offset() + b->size());
 495     b->set_next_block(p);
 496     p->set_prev_block(b);
 497     b = p;
 498   }
 499 
 500   LayoutRawBlock* last = new LayoutRawBlock(LayoutRawBlock::EMPTY, INT_MAX);
 501   last->set_offset(b->offset() + b->size());
 502   assert(last->offset() > 0, "Sanity check");
 503   b->set_next_block(last);
 504   last->set_prev_block(b);
 505   _last = last;
 506 }
 507 
 508 LayoutRawBlock* FieldLayout::insert(LayoutRawBlock* slot, LayoutRawBlock* block) {
 509   assert(slot->block_kind() == LayoutRawBlock::EMPTY, "Blocks can only be inserted in empty blocks");
 510   assert(slot->offset() % block->alignment() == 0, "Incompatible alignment");
 511   block->set_offset(slot->offset());
 512   slot->set_offset(slot->offset() + block->size());
 513   assert((slot->size() - block->size()) < slot->size(), "underflow checking");
 514   assert(slot->size() - block->size() >= 0, "no negative size allowed");
 515   slot->set_size(slot->size() - block->size());
 516   block->set_prev_block(slot->prev_block());
 517   block->set_next_block(slot);
 518   slot->set_prev_block(block);
 519   if (block->prev_block() != nullptr) {
 520     block->prev_block()->set_next_block(block);
 521   }
 522   if (_blocks == slot) {
 523     _blocks = block;
 524   }
 525   if (_start == slot) {
 526     _start = block;
 527   }
 528   return block;
 529 }
 530 
 531 void FieldLayout::remove(LayoutRawBlock* block) {
 532   assert(block != nullptr, "Sanity check");
 533   assert(block != _last, "Sanity check");
 534   if (_blocks == block) {
 535     _blocks = block->next_block();
 536     if (_blocks != nullptr) {
 537       _blocks->set_prev_block(nullptr);
 538     }
 539   } else {
 540     assert(block->prev_block() != nullptr, "_prev should be set for non-head blocks");
 541     block->prev_block()->set_next_block(block->next_block());
 542     block->next_block()->set_prev_block(block->prev_block());
 543   }
 544   if (block == _start) {
 545     _start = block->prev_block();
 546   }
 547 }
 548 
 549 void FieldLayout::shift_fields(int shift) {
 550   LayoutRawBlock* b = first_field_block();
 551   LayoutRawBlock* previous = b->prev_block();
 552   if (previous->block_kind() == LayoutRawBlock::EMPTY) {
 553     previous->set_size(previous->size() + shift);
 554   } else {
 555     LayoutRawBlock* nb = new LayoutRawBlock(LayoutRawBlock::PADDING, shift);
 556     nb->set_offset(b->offset());
 557     previous->set_next_block(nb);
 558     nb->set_prev_block(previous);
 559     b->set_prev_block(nb);
 560     nb->set_next_block(b);
 561   }
 562   while (b != nullptr) {
 563     b->set_offset(b->offset() + shift);
 564     if (b->block_kind() == LayoutRawBlock::REGULAR || b->block_kind() == LayoutRawBlock::FLAT) {
 565       _field_info->adr_at(b->field_index())->set_offset(b->offset());
 566       if (b->layout_kind() == LayoutKind::NULLABLE_ATOMIC_FLAT) {
 567         int new_nm_offset = _field_info->adr_at(b->field_index())->null_marker_offset() + shift;
 568         _field_info->adr_at(b->field_index())->set_null_marker_offset(new_nm_offset);
 569         _inline_layout_info_array->adr_at(b->field_index())->set_null_marker_offset(new_nm_offset);
 570 
 571       }
 572     }
 573     assert(b->block_kind() == LayoutRawBlock::EMPTY || b->offset() % b->alignment() == 0, "Must still be correctly aligned");
 574     b = b->next_block();
 575   }
 576 }
 577 
 578 LayoutRawBlock* FieldLayout::find_null_marker() {
 579   LayoutRawBlock* b = _blocks;
 580   while (b != nullptr) {
 581     if (b->block_kind() == LayoutRawBlock::NULL_MARKER) {
 582       return b;
 583     }
 584     b = b->next_block();
 585   }
 586   ShouldNotReachHere();
 587 }
 588 
 589 void FieldLayout::remove_null_marker() {
 590   LayoutRawBlock* b = first_field_block();
 591   while (b != nullptr) {
 592     if (b->block_kind() == LayoutRawBlock::NULL_MARKER) {
 593       if (b->next_block()->block_kind() == LayoutRawBlock::EMPTY) {
 594         LayoutRawBlock* n = b->next_block();
 595         remove(b);
 596         n->set_offset(b->offset());
 597         n->set_size(n->size() + b->size());
 598       } else {
 599         b->set_block_kind(LayoutRawBlock::EMPTY);
 600       }
 601       return;
 602     }
 603     b = b->next_block();
 604   }
 605   ShouldNotReachHere(); // if we reach this point, the null marker was not found!
 606 }
 607 
 608 static const char* layout_kind_to_string(LayoutKind lk) {
 609   switch(lk) {
 610     case LayoutKind::REFERENCE:
 611       return "REFERENCE";
 612     case LayoutKind::NON_ATOMIC_FLAT:
 613       return "NON_ATOMIC_FLAT";
 614     case LayoutKind::ATOMIC_FLAT:
 615       return "ATOMIC_FLAT";
 616     case LayoutKind::NULLABLE_ATOMIC_FLAT:
 617       return "NULLABLE_ATOMIC_FLAT";
 618     case LayoutKind::UNKNOWN:
 619       return "UNKNOWN";
 620     default:
 621       ShouldNotReachHere();
 622   }
 623 }
 624 
 625 void FieldLayout::print(outputStream* output, bool is_static, const InstanceKlass* super, Array<InlineLayoutInfo>* inline_fields) {
 626   ResourceMark rm;
 627   LayoutRawBlock* b = _blocks;
 628   while(b != _last) {
 629     switch(b->block_kind()) {
 630       case LayoutRawBlock::REGULAR: {
 631         FieldInfo* fi = _field_info->adr_at(b->field_index());
 632         output->print_cr(" @%d %s %d/%d \"%s\" %s",
 633                          b->offset(),
 634                          "REGULAR",

 635                          b->size(),
 636                          b->alignment(),
 637                          fi->name(_cp)->as_C_string(),
 638                          fi->signature(_cp)->as_C_string());
 639         break;
 640       }
 641       case LayoutRawBlock::FLAT: {
 642         FieldInfo* fi = _field_info->adr_at(b->field_index());
 643         InlineKlass* ik = inline_fields->adr_at(fi->index())->klass();
 644         assert(ik != nullptr, "");
 645         output->print_cr(" @%d %s %d/%d \"%s\" %s %s@%p %s",
 646                          b->offset(),
 647                          "FLAT",

 648                          b->size(),
 649                          b->alignment(),
 650                          fi->name(_cp)->as_C_string(),
 651                          fi->signature(_cp)->as_C_string(),
 652                          ik->name()->as_C_string(),
 653                          ik->class_loader_data(), layout_kind_to_string(b->layout_kind()));
 654         break;
 655       }
 656       case LayoutRawBlock::RESERVED: {
 657         output->print_cr(" @%d %s %d/-",
 658                          b->offset(),
 659                          "RESERVED",
 660                          b->size());
 661         break;
 662       }
 663       case LayoutRawBlock::INHERITED: {
 664         assert(!is_static, "Static fields are not inherited in layouts");
 665         assert(super != nullptr, "super klass must be provided to retrieve inherited fields info");
 666         bool found = false;
 667         const InstanceKlass* ik = super;
 668         while (!found && ik != nullptr) {
 669           for (AllFieldStream fs(ik->fieldinfo_stream(), ik->constants()); !fs.done(); fs.next()) {
 670             if (fs.offset() == b->offset() && fs.access_flags().is_static() == is_static) {
 671               output->print_cr(" @%d %s %d/%d \"%s\" %s",
 672                   b->offset(),
 673                   "INHERITED",

 674                   b->size(),
 675                   b->size(), // so far, alignment constraint == size, will change with Valhalla => FIXME
 676                   fs.name()->as_C_string(),
 677                   fs.signature()->as_C_string());
 678               found = true;
 679               break;
 680             }


 681         }
 682         ik = ik->java_super();
 683       }
 684       break;
 685     }
 686     case LayoutRawBlock::EMPTY:
 687       output->print_cr(" @%d %s %d/1",
 688                        b->offset(),
 689                       "EMPTY",
 690                        b->size());
 691       break;
 692     case LayoutRawBlock::PADDING:
 693       output->print_cr(" @%d %s %d/1",
 694                       b->offset(),
 695                       "PADDING",
 696                       b->size());
 697       break;
 698     case LayoutRawBlock::NULL_MARKER:
 699     {
 700       output->print_cr(" @%d %s %d/1 ",
 701                       b->offset(),
 702                       "NULL_MARKER",
 703                       b->size());
 704       break;
 705     }
 706     default:
 707       fatal("Unknown block type");
 708     }
 709     b = b->next_block();
 710   }
 711 }
 712 
 713 FieldLayoutBuilder::FieldLayoutBuilder(const Symbol* classname, ClassLoaderData* loader_data, const InstanceKlass* super_klass, ConstantPool* constant_pool,
 714                                        GrowableArray<FieldInfo>* field_info, bool is_contended, bool is_inline_type,bool is_abstract_value,
 715                                        bool must_be_atomic, FieldLayoutInfo* info, Array<InlineLayoutInfo>* inline_layout_info_array) :
 716   _classname(classname),
 717   _loader_data(loader_data),
 718   _super_klass(super_klass),
 719   _constant_pool(constant_pool),
 720   _field_info(field_info),
 721   _info(info),
 722   _inline_layout_info_array(inline_layout_info_array),
 723   _root_group(nullptr),
 724   _contended_groups(GrowableArray<FieldGroup*>(8)),
 725   _static_fields(nullptr),
 726   _layout(nullptr),
 727   _static_layout(nullptr),
 728   _nonstatic_oopmap_count(0),
 729   _payload_alignment(-1),
 730   _payload_offset(-1),
 731   _null_marker_offset(-1),
 732   _payload_size_in_bytes(-1),
 733   _non_atomic_layout_size_in_bytes(-1),
 734   _non_atomic_layout_alignment(-1),
 735   _atomic_layout_size_in_bytes(-1),
 736   _nullable_layout_size_in_bytes(-1),
 737   _fields_size_sum(0),
 738   _declared_non_static_fields_count(0),
 739   _has_non_naturally_atomic_fields(false),
 740   _is_naturally_atomic(false),
 741   _must_be_atomic(must_be_atomic),
 742   _has_nonstatic_fields(false),
 743   _has_inline_type_fields(false),
 744   _is_contended(is_contended),
 745   _is_inline_type(is_inline_type),
 746   _is_abstract_value(is_abstract_value),
 747   _has_flattening_information(is_inline_type),
 748   _is_empty_inline_class(false) {}
 749 
 750 FieldGroup* FieldLayoutBuilder::get_or_create_contended_group(int g) {
 751   assert(g > 0, "must only be called for named contended groups");
 752   FieldGroup* fg = nullptr;
 753   for (int i = 0; i < _contended_groups.length(); i++) {
 754     fg = _contended_groups.at(i);
 755     if (fg->contended_group() == g) return fg;
 756   }
 757   fg = new FieldGroup(g);
 758   _contended_groups.append(fg);
 759   return fg;
 760 }
 761 
 762 void FieldLayoutBuilder::prologue() {
 763   _layout = new FieldLayout(_field_info, _inline_layout_info_array, _constant_pool);
 764   const InstanceKlass* super_klass = _super_klass;
 765   _layout->initialize_instance_layout(super_klass);
 766   _nonstatic_oopmap_count = super_klass == nullptr ? 0 : super_klass->nonstatic_oop_map_count();
 767   if (super_klass != nullptr) {
 768     _has_nonstatic_fields = super_klass->has_nonstatic_fields();
 769   }
 770   _static_layout = new FieldLayout(_field_info, _inline_layout_info_array, _constant_pool);
 771   _static_layout->initialize_static_layout();
 772   _static_fields = new FieldGroup();
 773   _root_group = new FieldGroup();
 774 }
 775 
 776 // Field sorting for regular (non-inline) classes:
 777 //   - fields are sorted in static and non-static fields
 778 //   - non-static fields are also sorted according to their contention group
 779 //     (support of the @Contended annotation)
 780 //   - @Contended annotation is ignored for static fields
 781 //   - field flattening decisions are taken in this method
 782 void FieldLayoutBuilder::regular_field_sorting() {
 783   int idx = 0;
 784   for (GrowableArrayIterator<FieldInfo> it = _field_info->begin(); it != _field_info->end(); ++it, ++idx) {

 785     FieldGroup* group = nullptr;
 786     FieldInfo fieldinfo = *it;
 787     if (fieldinfo.access_flags().is_static()) {
 788       group = _static_fields;
 789     } else {
 790       _has_nonstatic_fields = true;
 791       if (fieldinfo.field_flags().is_contended()) {
 792         int g = fieldinfo.contended_group();
 793         if (g == 0) {
 794           group = new FieldGroup(true);
 795           _contended_groups.append(group);
 796         } else {
 797           group = get_or_create_contended_group(g);
 798         }
 799       } else {
 800         group = _root_group;
 801       }
 802     }
 803     assert(group != nullptr, "invariant");
 804     BasicType type = Signature::basic_type(fieldinfo.signature(_constant_pool));
 805     switch(type) {
 806     case T_BYTE:
 807     case T_CHAR:
 808     case T_DOUBLE:
 809     case T_FLOAT:
 810     case T_INT:
 811     case T_LONG:
 812     case T_SHORT:
 813     case T_BOOLEAN:
 814       group->add_primitive_field(idx, type);
 815       break;
 816     case T_OBJECT:
 817     case T_ARRAY:
 818     {
 819       LayoutKind lk = field_layout_selection(fieldinfo, _inline_layout_info_array, true);
 820       if (fieldinfo.field_flags().is_null_free_inline_type() || lk != LayoutKind::REFERENCE
 821           || (!fieldinfo.field_flags().is_injected()
 822               && _inline_layout_info_array != nullptr && _inline_layout_info_array->adr_at(fieldinfo.index())->klass() != nullptr
 823               && !_inline_layout_info_array->adr_at(fieldinfo.index())->klass()->is_identity_class())) {
 824         _has_inline_type_fields = true;
 825         _has_flattening_information = true;
 826       }
 827       if (lk == LayoutKind::REFERENCE) {
 828         if (group != _static_fields) _nonstatic_oopmap_count++;
 829         group->add_oop_field(idx);
 830       } else {
 831         _has_flattening_information = true;
 832         InlineKlass* vk = _inline_layout_info_array->adr_at(fieldinfo.index())->klass();
 833         int size, alignment;
 834         get_size_and_alignment(vk, lk, &size, &alignment);
 835         group->add_flat_field(idx, vk, lk, size, alignment);
 836         _inline_layout_info_array->adr_at(fieldinfo.index())->set_kind(lk);
 837         _nonstatic_oopmap_count += vk->nonstatic_oop_map_count();
 838         _field_info->adr_at(idx)->field_flags_addr()->update_flat(true);
 839         _field_info->adr_at(idx)->set_layout_kind(lk);
 840         // no need to update _must_be_atomic if vk->must_be_atomic() is true because current class is not an inline class
 841       }
 842       break;
 843     }
 844     default:
 845       fatal("Something wrong?");
 846     }
 847   }
 848   _root_group->sort_by_size();
 849   _static_fields->sort_by_size();
 850   if (!_contended_groups.is_empty()) {
 851     for (int i = 0; i < _contended_groups.length(); i++) {
 852       _contended_groups.at(i)->sort_by_size();
 853     }
 854   }
 855 }
 856 
 857 /* Field sorting for inline classes:
 858  *   - because inline classes are immutable, the @Contended annotation is ignored
 859  *     when computing their layout (with only read operation, there's no false
 860  *     sharing issue)
 861  *   - this method also records the alignment of the field with the most
 862  *     constraining alignment, this value is then used as the alignment
 863  *     constraint when flattening this inline type into another container
 864  *   - field flattening decisions are taken in this method (those decisions are
 865  *     currently only based in the size of the fields to be flattened, the size
 866  *     of the resulting instance is not considered)
 867  */
 868 void FieldLayoutBuilder::inline_class_field_sorting() {
 869   assert(_is_inline_type || _is_abstract_value, "Should only be used for inline classes");
 870   int alignment = -1;
 871   int idx = 0;
 872   for (GrowableArrayIterator<FieldInfo> it = _field_info->begin(); it != _field_info->end(); ++it, ++idx) {
 873     FieldGroup* group = nullptr;
 874     FieldInfo fieldinfo = *it;
 875     int field_alignment = 1;
 876     if (fieldinfo.access_flags().is_static()) {
 877       group = _static_fields;
 878     } else {
 879       _has_nonstatic_fields = true;
 880       _declared_non_static_fields_count++;
 881       group = _root_group;
 882     }
 883     assert(group != nullptr, "invariant");
 884     BasicType type = Signature::basic_type(fieldinfo.signature(_constant_pool));
 885     switch(type) {
 886     case T_BYTE:
 887     case T_CHAR:
 888     case T_DOUBLE:
 889     case T_FLOAT:
 890     case T_INT:
 891     case T_LONG:
 892     case T_SHORT:
 893     case T_BOOLEAN:
 894       if (group != _static_fields) {
 895         field_alignment = type2aelembytes(type); // alignment == size for primitive types
 896       }
 897       group->add_primitive_field(fieldinfo.index(), type);
 898       break;
 899     case T_OBJECT:
 900     case T_ARRAY:
 901     {
 902       bool use_atomic_flat = _must_be_atomic; // flatten atomic fields only if the container is itself atomic
 903       LayoutKind lk = field_layout_selection(fieldinfo, _inline_layout_info_array, use_atomic_flat);
 904       if (fieldinfo.field_flags().is_null_free_inline_type() || lk != LayoutKind::REFERENCE
 905           || (!fieldinfo.field_flags().is_injected()
 906               && _inline_layout_info_array != nullptr && _inline_layout_info_array->adr_at(fieldinfo.index())->klass() != nullptr
 907               && !_inline_layout_info_array->adr_at(fieldinfo.index())->klass()->is_identity_class())) {
 908         _has_inline_type_fields = true;
 909         _has_flattening_information = true;
 910       }
 911       if (lk == LayoutKind::REFERENCE) {
 912         if (group != _static_fields) {
 913           _nonstatic_oopmap_count++;
 914           field_alignment = type2aelembytes(type); // alignment == size for oops
 915         }
 916         group->add_oop_field(idx);
 917       } else {
 918         _has_flattening_information = true;
 919         InlineKlass* vk = _inline_layout_info_array->adr_at(fieldinfo.index())->klass();
 920         if (!vk->is_naturally_atomic()) _has_non_naturally_atomic_fields = true;
 921         int size, alignment;
 922         get_size_and_alignment(vk, lk, &size, &alignment);
 923         group->add_flat_field(idx, vk, lk, size, alignment);
 924         _inline_layout_info_array->adr_at(fieldinfo.index())->set_kind(lk);
 925         _nonstatic_oopmap_count += vk->nonstatic_oop_map_count();
 926         field_alignment = alignment;
 927         _field_info->adr_at(idx)->field_flags_addr()->update_flat(true);
 928         _field_info->adr_at(idx)->set_layout_kind(lk);
 929       }
 930       break;
 931     }
 932     default:
 933       fatal("Unexpected BasicType");
 934     }
 935     if (!fieldinfo.access_flags().is_static() && field_alignment > alignment) alignment = field_alignment;
 936   }
 937   _payload_alignment = alignment;
 938   assert(_has_nonstatic_fields || _is_abstract_value, "Concrete value types do not support zero instance size yet");
 939 }
 940 
 941 void FieldLayoutBuilder::insert_contended_padding(LayoutRawBlock* slot) {
 942   if (ContendedPaddingWidth > 0) {
 943     LayoutRawBlock* padding = new LayoutRawBlock(LayoutRawBlock::PADDING, ContendedPaddingWidth);
 944     _layout->insert(slot, padding);
 945   }
 946 }
 947 
 948 /* Computation of regular classes layout is an evolution of the previous default layout
 949  * (FieldAllocationStyle 1):
 950  *   - primitive fields (both primitive types and flat inline types) are allocated
 951  *     first, from the biggest to the smallest
 952  *   - then oop fields are allocated (to increase chances to have contiguous oops and
 953  *     a simpler oopmap).
 954  */
 955 void FieldLayoutBuilder::compute_regular_layout() {
 956   bool need_tail_padding = false;
 957   prologue();
 958   regular_field_sorting();

 959   if (_is_contended) {
 960     _layout->set_start(_layout->last_block());
 961     // insertion is currently easy because the current strategy doesn't try to fill holes
 962     // in super classes layouts => the _start block is by consequence the _last_block
 963     insert_contended_padding(_layout->start());
 964     need_tail_padding = true;
 965   }
 966   _layout->add(_root_group->big_primitive_fields());
 967   _layout->add(_root_group->small_primitive_fields());
 968   _layout->add(_root_group->oop_fields());
 969 
 970   if (!_contended_groups.is_empty()) {
 971     for (int i = 0; i < _contended_groups.length(); i++) {
 972       FieldGroup* cg = _contended_groups.at(i);
 973       LayoutRawBlock* start = _layout->last_block();
 974       insert_contended_padding(start);
 975       _layout->add(cg->big_primitive_fields());
 976       _layout->add(cg->small_primitive_fields(), start);
 977       _layout->add(cg->oop_fields(), start);
 978       need_tail_padding = true;
 979     }
 980   }
 981 
 982   if (need_tail_padding) {
 983     insert_contended_padding(_layout->last_block());
 984   }
 985 
 986   // Warning: IntanceMirrorKlass expects static oops to be allocated first
 987   _static_layout->add_contiguously(_static_fields->oop_fields());
 988   _static_layout->add(_static_fields->big_primitive_fields());
 989   _static_layout->add(_static_fields->small_primitive_fields());
 990 
 991   epilogue();
 992 }
 993 
 994 /* Computation of inline classes has a slightly different strategy than for
 995  * regular classes. Regular classes have their oop fields allocated at the end
 996  * of the layout to increase GC performances. Unfortunately, this strategy
 997  * increases the number of empty slots inside an instance. Because the purpose
 998  * of inline classes is to be embedded into other containers, it is critical
 999  * to keep their size as small as possible. For this reason, the allocation
1000  * strategy is:
1001  *   - big primitive fields (primitive types and flat inline type smaller
1002  *     than an oop) are allocated first (from the biggest to the smallest)
1003  *   - then oop fields
1004  *   - then small primitive fields (from the biggest to the smallest)
1005  */
1006 void FieldLayoutBuilder::compute_inline_class_layout() {
1007 
1008   // Test if the concrete inline class is an empty class (no instance fields)
1009   // and insert a dummy field if needed
1010   if (!_is_abstract_value) {
1011     bool declares_non_static_fields = false;
1012     for (GrowableArrayIterator<FieldInfo> it = _field_info->begin(); it != _field_info->end(); ++it) {
1013       FieldInfo fieldinfo = *it;
1014       if (!fieldinfo.access_flags().is_static()) {
1015         declares_non_static_fields = true;
1016         break;
1017       }
1018     }
1019     if (!declares_non_static_fields) {
1020       bool has_inherited_fields = false;
1021       const InstanceKlass* super = _super_klass;
1022       while(super != nullptr) {
1023         if (super->has_nonstatic_fields()) {
1024           has_inherited_fields = true;
1025           break;
1026         }
1027         super = super->super() == nullptr ? nullptr : InstanceKlass::cast(super->super());
1028       }
1029 
1030       if (!has_inherited_fields) {
1031         // Inject ".empty" dummy field
1032         _is_empty_inline_class = true;
1033         FieldInfo::FieldFlags fflags(0);
1034         fflags.update_injected(true);
1035         AccessFlags aflags;
1036         FieldInfo fi(aflags,
1037                     (u2)vmSymbols::as_int(VM_SYMBOL_ENUM_NAME(empty_marker_name)),
1038                     (u2)vmSymbols::as_int(VM_SYMBOL_ENUM_NAME(byte_signature)),
1039                     0,
1040                     fflags);
1041         int idx = _field_info->append(fi);
1042         _field_info->adr_at(idx)->set_index(idx);
1043       }
1044     }
1045   }
1046 
1047   prologue();
1048   inline_class_field_sorting();
1049 
1050   assert(_layout->start()->block_kind() == LayoutRawBlock::RESERVED, "Unexpected");
1051 
1052   if (_layout->super_has_fields() && !_is_abstract_value) {  // non-static field layout
1053     if (!_has_nonstatic_fields) {
1054       assert(_is_abstract_value, "Concrete value types have at least one field");
1055       // Nothing to do
1056     } else {
1057       // decide which alignment to use, then set first allowed field offset
1058 
1059       assert(_layout->super_alignment() >= _payload_alignment, "Incompatible alignment");
1060       assert(_layout->super_alignment() % _payload_alignment == 0, "Incompatible alignment");
1061 
1062       if (_payload_alignment < _layout->super_alignment()) {
1063         int new_alignment = _payload_alignment > _layout->super_min_align_required() ? _payload_alignment : _layout->super_min_align_required();
1064         assert(new_alignment % _payload_alignment == 0, "Must be");
1065         assert(new_alignment % _layout->super_min_align_required() == 0, "Must be");
1066         _payload_alignment = new_alignment;
1067       }
1068       _layout->set_start(_layout->first_field_block());
1069     }
1070   } else {
1071     if (_is_abstract_value && _has_nonstatic_fields) {
1072       _payload_alignment = type2aelembytes(BasicType::T_LONG);
1073     }
1074     assert(_layout->start()->next_block()->block_kind() == LayoutRawBlock::EMPTY || !UseCompressedClassPointers, "Unexpected");
1075     LayoutRawBlock* first_empty = _layout->start()->next_block();
1076     if (first_empty->offset() % _payload_alignment != 0) {
1077       LayoutRawBlock* padding = new LayoutRawBlock(LayoutRawBlock::PADDING, _payload_alignment - (first_empty->offset() % _payload_alignment));
1078       _layout->insert(first_empty, padding);
1079       if (first_empty->size() == 0) {
1080         _layout->remove(first_empty);
1081       }
1082       _layout->set_start(padding);
1083     }
1084   }
1085 
1086   _layout->add(_root_group->big_primitive_fields());
1087   _layout->add(_root_group->oop_fields());
1088   _layout->add(_root_group->small_primitive_fields());
1089 
1090   LayoutRawBlock* first_field = _layout->first_field_block();
1091   if (first_field != nullptr) {
1092     _payload_offset = _layout->first_field_block()->offset();
1093     _payload_size_in_bytes = _layout->last_block()->offset() - _layout->first_field_block()->offset();
1094   } else {
1095     assert(_is_abstract_value, "Concrete inline types must have at least one field");
1096     _payload_offset = _layout->blocks()->size();
1097     _payload_size_in_bytes = 0;
1098   }
1099 
1100   // Determining if the value class is naturally atomic:
1101   if ((!_layout->super_has_fields() && _declared_non_static_fields_count <= 1 && !_has_non_naturally_atomic_fields)
1102       || (_layout->super_has_fields() && _super_klass->is_naturally_atomic() && _declared_non_static_fields_count == 0)) {
1103         _is_naturally_atomic = true;
1104   }
1105 
1106   // At this point, the characteristics of the raw layout (used in standalone instances) are known.
1107   // From this, additional layouts will be computed: atomic and nullable layouts
1108   // Once those additional layouts are computed, the raw layout might need some adjustments
1109 
1110   bool vm_uses_flattening = UseFieldFlattening || UseArrayFlattening;
1111 
1112   if (!_is_abstract_value && vm_uses_flattening) { // Flat layouts are only for concrete value classes
1113     // Validation of the non atomic layout
1114     if (UseNonAtomicValueFlattening && !AlwaysAtomicAccesses && (!_must_be_atomic || _is_naturally_atomic)) {
1115       _non_atomic_layout_size_in_bytes = _payload_size_in_bytes;
1116       _non_atomic_layout_alignment = _payload_alignment;
1117     }
1118 
1119     // Next step is to compute the characteristics for a layout enabling atomic updates
1120     if (UseAtomicValueFlattening) {
1121       int atomic_size = _payload_size_in_bytes == 0 ? 0 : round_up_power_of_2(_payload_size_in_bytes);
1122       if (atomic_size <= (int)MAX_ATOMIC_OP_SIZE) {
1123         _atomic_layout_size_in_bytes = atomic_size;
1124       }
1125     }
1126 
1127     // Next step is the nullable layout: the layout must include a null marker and must also be atomic
1128     if (UseNullableValueFlattening) {
1129       // Looking if there's an empty slot inside the layout that could be used to store a null marker
1130       // FIXME: could it be possible to re-use the .empty field as a null marker for empty values?
1131       LayoutRawBlock* b = _layout->first_field_block();
1132       assert(b != nullptr, "A concrete value class must have at least one (possible dummy) field");
1133       int null_marker_offset = -1;
1134       if (_is_empty_inline_class) {
1135         // Reusing the dummy field as a field marker
1136         assert(_field_info->adr_at(b->field_index())->name(_constant_pool) == vmSymbols::empty_marker_name(), "b must be the dummy field");
1137         null_marker_offset = b->offset();
1138       } else {
1139         while (b != _layout->last_block()) {
1140           if (b->block_kind() == LayoutRawBlock::EMPTY) {
1141             break;
1142           }
1143           b = b->next_block();
1144         }
1145         if (b != _layout->last_block()) {
1146           // found an empty slot, register its offset from the beginning of the payload
1147           null_marker_offset = b->offset();
1148           LayoutRawBlock* marker = new LayoutRawBlock(LayoutRawBlock::NULL_MARKER, 1);
1149           _layout->add_field_at_offset(marker, b->offset());
1150         }
1151         if (null_marker_offset == -1) { // no empty slot available to store the null marker, need to inject one
1152           int last_offset = _layout->last_block()->offset();
1153           LayoutRawBlock* marker = new LayoutRawBlock(LayoutRawBlock::NULL_MARKER, 1);
1154           _layout->insert_field_block(_layout->last_block(), marker);
1155           assert(marker->offset() == last_offset, "Null marker should have been inserted at the end");
1156           null_marker_offset = marker->offset();
1157         }
1158       }
1159 
1160       // Now that the null marker is there, the size of the nullable layout must computed (remember, must be atomic too)
1161       int new_raw_size = _layout->last_block()->offset() - _layout->first_field_block()->offset();
1162       int nullable_size = round_up_power_of_2(new_raw_size);
1163       if (nullable_size <= (int)MAX_ATOMIC_OP_SIZE) {
1164         _nullable_layout_size_in_bytes = nullable_size;
1165         _null_marker_offset = null_marker_offset;
1166       } else {
1167         // If the nullable layout is rejected, the NULL_MARKER block should be removed
1168         // from the layout, otherwise it will appear anyway if the layout is printer
1169         if (!_is_empty_inline_class) {  // empty values don't have a dedicated NULL_MARKER block
1170           _layout->remove_null_marker();
1171         }
1172         _null_marker_offset = -1;
1173       }
1174     }
1175     // If the inline class has an atomic or nullable (which is also atomic) layout,
1176     // we want the raw layout to have the same alignment as those atomic layouts so access codes
1177     // could remain  simple (single instruction without intermediate copy). This might required
1178     // to shift all fields in the raw layout, but this operation is possible only if the class
1179     // doesn't have inherited fields (offsets of inherited fields cannot be changed). If a
1180     // field shift is needed but not possible, all atomic layouts are disabled and only reference
1181     // and loosely consistent are supported.
1182     int required_alignment = _payload_alignment;
1183     if (has_atomic_layout() && _payload_alignment < atomic_layout_size_in_bytes()) {
1184       required_alignment = atomic_layout_size_in_bytes();
1185     }
1186     if (has_nullable_atomic_layout() && _payload_alignment < nullable_layout_size_in_bytes()) {
1187       required_alignment = nullable_layout_size_in_bytes();
1188     }
1189     int shift = first_field->offset() % required_alignment;
1190     if (shift != 0) {
1191       if (required_alignment > _payload_alignment && !_layout->has_inherited_fields()) {
1192         assert(_layout->first_field_block() != nullptr, "A concrete value class must have at least one (possible dummy) field");
1193         _layout->shift_fields(shift);
1194         _payload_offset = _layout->first_field_block()->offset();
1195         if (has_nullable_atomic_layout()) {
1196           assert(!_is_empty_inline_class, "Should not get here with empty values");
1197           _null_marker_offset = _layout->find_null_marker()->offset();
1198         }
1199         _payload_alignment = required_alignment;
1200       } else {
1201         _atomic_layout_size_in_bytes = -1;
1202         if (has_nullable_atomic_layout() && !_is_empty_inline_class) {  // empty values don't have a dedicated NULL_MARKER block
1203           _layout->remove_null_marker();
1204         }
1205         _nullable_layout_size_in_bytes = -1;
1206         _null_marker_offset = -1;
1207       }
1208     } else {
1209       _payload_alignment = required_alignment;
1210     }
1211 
1212     // If the inline class has a nullable layout, the layout used in heap allocated standalone
1213     // instances must also be the nullable layout, in order to be able to set the null marker to
1214     // non-null before copying the payload to other containers.
1215     if (has_nullable_atomic_layout() && payload_layout_size_in_bytes() < nullable_layout_size_in_bytes()) {
1216       _payload_size_in_bytes = nullable_layout_size_in_bytes();
1217     }
1218   }
1219   // Warning:: InstanceMirrorKlass expects static oops to be allocated first
1220   _static_layout->add_contiguously(_static_fields->oop_fields());
1221   _static_layout->add(_static_fields->big_primitive_fields());
1222   _static_layout->add(_static_fields->small_primitive_fields());
1223 
1224   epilogue();
1225 }
1226 
1227 void FieldLayoutBuilder::add_flat_field_oopmap(OopMapBlocksBuilder* nonstatic_oop_maps,
1228                 InlineKlass* vklass, int offset) {
1229   int diff = offset - vklass->payload_offset();
1230   const OopMapBlock* map = vklass->start_of_nonstatic_oop_maps();
1231   const OopMapBlock* last_map = map + vklass->nonstatic_oop_map_count();
1232   while (map < last_map) {
1233     nonstatic_oop_maps->add(map->offset() + diff, map->count());
1234     map++;
1235   }
1236 }
1237 
1238 void FieldLayoutBuilder::register_embedded_oops_from_list(OopMapBlocksBuilder* nonstatic_oop_maps, GrowableArray<LayoutRawBlock*>* list) {
1239   if (list == nullptr) return;
1240   for (int i = 0; i < list->length(); i++) {
1241     LayoutRawBlock* f = list->at(i);
1242     if (f->block_kind() == LayoutRawBlock::FLAT) {
1243       InlineKlass* vk = f->inline_klass();
1244       assert(vk != nullptr, "Should have been initialized");
1245       if (vk->contains_oops()) {
1246         add_flat_field_oopmap(nonstatic_oop_maps, vk, f->offset());
1247       }
1248     }
1249   }
1250 }
1251 
1252 void FieldLayoutBuilder::register_embedded_oops(OopMapBlocksBuilder* nonstatic_oop_maps, FieldGroup* group) {
1253   if (group->oop_fields() != nullptr) {
1254     for (int i = 0; i < group->oop_fields()->length(); i++) {
1255       LayoutRawBlock* b = group->oop_fields()->at(i);
1256       nonstatic_oop_maps->add(b->offset(), 1);
1257     }
1258   }
1259   register_embedded_oops_from_list(nonstatic_oop_maps, group->big_primitive_fields());
1260   register_embedded_oops_from_list(nonstatic_oop_maps, group->small_primitive_fields());
1261 }
1262 
1263 void FieldLayoutBuilder::epilogue() {
1264   // Computing oopmaps
1265   OopMapBlocksBuilder* nonstatic_oop_maps =
1266       new OopMapBlocksBuilder(_nonstatic_oopmap_count);
1267   int super_oop_map_count = (_super_klass == nullptr) ? 0 :_super_klass->nonstatic_oop_map_count();
1268   if (super_oop_map_count > 0) {
1269     nonstatic_oop_maps->initialize_inherited_blocks(_super_klass->start_of_nonstatic_oop_maps(),
1270     _super_klass->nonstatic_oop_map_count());
1271   }
1272   register_embedded_oops(nonstatic_oop_maps, _root_group);
1273   if (!_contended_groups.is_empty()) {
1274     for (int i = 0; i < _contended_groups.length(); i++) {
1275       FieldGroup* cg = _contended_groups.at(i);
1276       if (cg->oop_count() > 0) {
1277         assert(cg->oop_fields() != nullptr && cg->oop_fields()->at(0) != nullptr, "oop_count > 0 but no oop fields found");
1278         register_embedded_oops(nonstatic_oop_maps, cg);
1279       }
1280     }
1281   }

1282   nonstatic_oop_maps->compact();
1283 
1284   int instance_end = align_up(_layout->last_block()->offset(), wordSize);
1285   int static_fields_end = align_up(_static_layout->last_block()->offset(), wordSize);
1286   int static_fields_size = (static_fields_end -
1287       InstanceMirrorKlass::offset_of_static_fields()) / wordSize;
1288   int nonstatic_field_end = align_up(_layout->last_block()->offset(), heapOopSize);
1289 
1290   // Pass back information needed for InstanceKlass creation
1291 
1292   _info->oop_map_blocks = nonstatic_oop_maps;
1293   _info->_instance_size = align_object_size(instance_end / wordSize);
1294   _info->_static_field_size = static_fields_size;
1295   _info->_nonstatic_field_size = (nonstatic_field_end - instanceOopDesc::base_offset_in_bytes()) / heapOopSize;
1296   _info->_has_nonstatic_fields = _has_nonstatic_fields;
1297   _info->_has_inline_fields = _has_inline_type_fields;
1298   _info->_is_naturally_atomic = _is_naturally_atomic;
1299   if (_is_inline_type) {
1300     _info->_must_be_atomic = _must_be_atomic;
1301     _info->_payload_alignment = _payload_alignment;
1302     _info->_payload_offset = _payload_offset;
1303     _info->_payload_size_in_bytes = _payload_size_in_bytes;
1304     _info->_non_atomic_size_in_bytes = _non_atomic_layout_size_in_bytes;
1305     _info->_non_atomic_alignment = _non_atomic_layout_alignment;
1306     _info->_atomic_layout_size_in_bytes = _atomic_layout_size_in_bytes;
1307     _info->_nullable_layout_size_in_bytes = _nullable_layout_size_in_bytes;
1308     _info->_null_marker_offset = _null_marker_offset;
1309     _info->_null_reset_value_offset = _static_layout->null_reset_value_offset();
1310     _info->_is_empty_inline_klass = _is_empty_inline_class;
1311   }
1312 
1313   // This may be too restrictive, since if all the fields fit in 64
1314   // bits we could make the decision to align instances of this class
1315   // to 64-bit boundaries, and load and store them as single words.
1316   // And on machines which supported larger atomics we could similarly
1317   // allow larger values to be atomic, if properly aligned.
1318 
1319 #ifdef ASSERT
1320   // Tests verifying integrity of field layouts are using the output of -XX:+PrintFieldLayout
1321   // which prints the details of LayoutRawBlocks used to compute the layout.
1322   // The code below checks that offsets in the _field_info meta-data match offsets
1323   // in the LayoutRawBlocks
1324   LayoutRawBlock* b = _layout->blocks();
1325   while(b != _layout->last_block()) {
1326     if (b->block_kind() == LayoutRawBlock::REGULAR || b->block_kind() == LayoutRawBlock::FLAT) {
1327       if (_field_info->adr_at(b->field_index())->offset() != (u4)b->offset()) {
1328         tty->print_cr("Offset from field info = %d, offset from block = %d", (int)_field_info->adr_at(b->field_index())->offset(), b->offset());
1329       }
1330       assert(_field_info->adr_at(b->field_index())->offset() == (u4)b->offset()," Must match");
1331     }
1332     b = b->next_block();
1333   }
1334   b = _static_layout->blocks();
1335   while(b != _static_layout->last_block()) {
1336     if (b->block_kind() == LayoutRawBlock::REGULAR || b->block_kind() == LayoutRawBlock::FLAT) {
1337       assert(_field_info->adr_at(b->field_index())->offset() == (u4)b->offset()," Must match");
1338     }
1339     b = b->next_block();
1340   }
1341 #endif // ASSERT
1342 
1343   static bool first_layout_print = true;
1344 
1345 
1346   if (PrintFieldLayout || (PrintInlineLayout && _has_flattening_information)) {
1347     ResourceMark rm;
1348     stringStream st;
1349     if (first_layout_print) {
1350       st.print_cr("Field layout log format: @offset size/alignment [name] [signature] [comment]");
1351       st.print_cr("Heap oop size = %d", heapOopSize);
1352       first_layout_print = false;
1353     }
1354     if (_super_klass != nullptr) {
1355       st.print_cr("Layout of class %s@%p extends %s@%p", _classname->as_C_string(),
1356                     _loader_data, _super_klass->name()->as_C_string(), _super_klass->class_loader_data());
1357     } else {
1358       st.print_cr("Layout of class %s@%p", _classname->as_C_string(), _loader_data);
1359     }
1360     st.print_cr("Instance fields:");
1361     _layout->print(&st, false, _super_klass, _inline_layout_info_array);
1362     st.print_cr("Static fields:");
1363     _static_layout->print(&st, true, nullptr, _inline_layout_info_array);
1364     st.print_cr("Instance size = %d bytes", _info->_instance_size * wordSize);
1365     if (_is_inline_type) {
1366       st.print_cr("First field offset = %d", _payload_offset);
1367       st.print_cr("Payload layout: %d/%d", _payload_size_in_bytes, _payload_alignment);
1368       if (has_non_atomic_flat_layout()) {
1369         st.print_cr("Non atomic flat layout: %d/%d", _non_atomic_layout_size_in_bytes, _non_atomic_layout_alignment);
1370       } else {
1371         st.print_cr("Non atomic flat layout: -/-");
1372       }
1373       if (has_atomic_layout()) {
1374         st.print_cr("Atomic flat layout: %d/%d", _atomic_layout_size_in_bytes, _atomic_layout_size_in_bytes);
1375       } else {
1376         st.print_cr("Atomic flat layout: -/-");
1377       }
1378       if (has_nullable_atomic_layout()) {
1379         st.print_cr("Nullable flat layout: %d/%d", _nullable_layout_size_in_bytes, _nullable_layout_size_in_bytes);
1380       } else {
1381         st.print_cr("Nullable flat layout: -/-");
1382       }
1383       if (_null_marker_offset != -1) {
1384         st.print_cr("Null marker offset = %d", _null_marker_offset);
1385       }
1386     }
1387     st.print_cr("---");
1388     // Print output all together.
1389     tty->print_raw(st.as_string());
1390   }
1391 }
1392 
1393 void FieldLayoutBuilder::build_layout() {
1394   if (_is_inline_type || _is_abstract_value) {
1395     compute_inline_class_layout();
1396   } else {
1397     compute_regular_layout();
1398   }
1399 }
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